The Modern Homesteader’s Guide to Keeping Geese (New Society Publishers, 2017), by Kirsten Lie-Nielsen expert geese wrangler, tells everything there is to know about raising geese on a farm. From the history of guardian geese to their health and dietary needs, anyone looking to add some farm heroes to their lives will learn everything necessary to raise and care for their own flock. The following excerpt is from chapter 7, “The Farmer’s Alarm System,” which goes into the extensive qualifications geese possess as guardian animals and how to utilize their natural protective instincts on your farm.
Geese have been used as guardian animals for centuries. Why? Because they are uniquely suited to the task. Not only are their piercing honks excellent alarms, but they are instinctively protective and more naturally suited to guard work than humans, or even dogs.
Because birds can see ultraviolet light, their vision is far superior to that of people. Their distance vision is remarkably good (the better to spot possible predators), and they can sense movement long before an ordinary person can. While most birds don’t react to what they see in a way that is helpful to people, geese do. Geese sound off loudly and aggressively, ideal attributes for guarding. Geese are also territorial: they know where their home is, and they defend it, especially during mating and hatching season. Few domesticated birds share the same territorial tendencies, and fewer still have the pugnacious attitude for attacking intruders.
The History of the Guard Goose
The first example of geese being used for protection dates all the way back to Ancient Rome. Geese were sacred to the Goddess Juno, and so the flocks that lingered around her temple were left untouched by locals that might otherwise have eaten them. In 390 BC, Rome was under siege by the Gauls. Late one night, the Gallic army attempted a surprise attack by scaling the Capitoline Hill, where the temple of Juno was located. The local dogs did nothing to stop them, as they were easily bribed with fresh cuts of meat. But the flock of Roman Geese — a breed still surviving today — noticed the disturbance immediately and began to call loudly. Here is some of Plutarch’s description of the events, from his work Parallel Lives:
“About midnight a large band of them [the Gauls] scaled the cliff and made their way upward in silence …. Neither man nor dog were aware of their approach. But there were some sacred geese near the temple of Juno …. The creature is naturally sharp of hearing and afraid of every noise, and these, being specially wakeful and restless by reason of their hunger, perceived the approach of the Gauls, dashed at them with loud cries, and so waked all the garrison …. The defenders, snatching up in haste whatever weapon came to hand …. So the Romans escaped out of their peril.”
This heroism of the geese did lead to a rather disturbing annual festival that included a display of geese dressed in purple and gold, but focused primarily on shaming the dogs for not sounding the alarm, leading to the festival being known as “the punishment of the dogs.”
In the Xinjiang Province of China, geese are used to guard a police station and other buildings. A report by The Telegraph newspaper in 2013 tells how the police chief, Mr. Zhang, welcomes the helpful stewardship of their geese. “In some ways, they are more useful than dogs,” he told reporter Tom Phillips. “A household normally keeps one dog, [but] an intruder can throw a drugged bun to kill the dog. Geese are normally kept in groups, and they have poor eyesight at night, making it very difficult for intruders to [poison them].”
Geese were used to protect a Dumbarton, Scotland, warehouse where the famous Ballantine’s whiskies were aged. These geese served from 1959 until 2012, when modern CCTV cameras were added. Known as the “Scotch Watch,” the fierce white geese were the subject of numerous TV documentaries and magazine articles.
Utilizing Guardian Geese
Even if you aren’t using your geese to guard, their skill as alarm bells is amazing. Anything out of place in the barnyard or approaching unexpectedly will be greeted with rowdy honks. If you are familiar with your flock and spend enough time in their presence, you will be able to distinguish their alarm honks from mating calls and general chattiness. This talent can be invaluable, giving you extra minutes to get to your chickens before a fox attacks or just letting you know that the mail has arrived. They are vigilant about possible aerial predators such as hawks, and will notice a potential threat long before you or your chickens do.
Geese employed as alarms need to be kept in a place with a good vantage point over the rest of the farm, and should be enclosed within their space. Because of their wandering nature, it’s not uncommon for unfenced geese to get distracted from the job of watching out for strangers.
Nighttime, however, and the goose’s advantage as a guard animal diminishes: they are virtually blind at night. They will still sound a warning if they notice any movement, but they won’t react until much later than they usually would in daylight. Also, at night, they are somewhat clumsy in identifying what the threat actually is. Note, as well, that geese will try to expand their territory if not fenced in, and may end up attempting to guard the neighbor’s lawn from the neighbor. If you live in a more suburban area, keep your geese fenced away from areas they should not approach and always make sure they are safely enclosed at night.
Using geese for guarding does have its risks. The first one is the safety of your geese, fearless attackers who sometimes take on more than they can handle. While a goose will effectively scare off any predator smaller than a cat, and can even chase away a timid dog or human, against a coyote or larger predator, they will lose the battle. The best way to avoid problems is to be smart about how you are using your guard geese.
Geese make great protectors of smaller flocks, such as chickens, ducks, and quail. They can also protect a building or your personal possessions. While they are excellent at sounding the alarm, be aware that they might succeed in chasing off only a few intruders. Thieves and intruders are more sophisticated than they were in Rome in 390 BC.
To Protect Your Flock
To protect smaller poultry, it is important to use only a single guard goose or possibly a pair, but no more than that. One goose per flock of chickens or other poultry helps to convince the goose it is related to the chickens, and therefore needs to defend and protect them. To further help the goose bond with its congregation, raise your guard goose from a gosling with the chicks. Similar to how geese imprint on humans if raised with lots of handling, goslings nurtured with chicks and not other geese will imprint on them and have a stronger sense of flock with them, promoting better defense of the hens. They will also get along better with your chickens this way, whereas geese raised separately may try to peck at or chase smaller birds.
A goose used for the guarding and alarm work of a chicken flock may not be as interested in, or bonded to, people as they are to their farmyard companions. They will still recognize their owners, and will limit defensive attacks and aggressive behavior only to what they perceive as threats to their friends. Guard geese will share some of the chickens’ scratch and water access, but they are happy to graze the pastures, making them a very affordable option to help in maintaining the safety of your hens.
Most geese used as alarms are not specifically kept for that purpose. Any goose on the farm can be a protective single guard, thanks to their keen eyesight, clamorous voices, and intimidating behavior. However, if you want geese specifically because of their ability to guard, it is a good idea not to imprint with them as closely as you might with pet. If you are not guarding other poultry, but want to keep your property safeguarded, try keeping a larger flock for intimidation purposes. While a single goose is no match for a large dog or coyote, a full flock of them may be enough to scare off such predators. And geese can certainly be effective at intimidating people, especially when individuals harbor pre-existing ideas or phobias regarding geese.
The geese on our farm aren’t employed as guards, but they are still successful at that task. As our flock has grown, we’ve noticed a decrease in attacks on our chickens, and we never have a neighbor stop by without hearing the geese announce the call long before the visitor has reached the door. Because our geese have imprinted on humans and are accustomed to being physically handled, they don’t attack strangers; they simply alert us to their presence. Occasionally, they will run towards a person, but they always stop short of making a full charge.
The great thing about guardian and alarm geese is they don’t need any training to do their job. Protecting is a natural instinct for them; they will take to it like ducks to water. This can be a handy advantage to backyard geese, and many farmers see this as a primary reason to invest in these feathered sentries. A goose for every flock of chickens can ensure that everyone, geese and hens alike, is safe and happy.
More from: The Modern Homesteader’s Guide to Keeping Geese
• Keeping Your Urban Geese Happy
Reprinted with permission from The Modern Homesteader’s Guide to Keeping Geese, by Kirsten Lie-Nielsen and published by New Society, 2017.
